NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE ADAPTATION: INTEGRATING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INTO URBAN PLANNING

Abstract

Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer a promising approach to enhance climate adaptation by leveraging ecosystem services within urban planning frameworks. Urban areas face escalating climate risks including floods, heatwaves, and loss of biodiversity, prompting the urgent need for innovative planning strategies. By integrating green infrastructure, wetlands, urban forests, and coastal buffers, cities can mitigate environmental impacts while promoting social, economic, and health co-benefits. This article explores the potential of NbS in urban settings, emphasizing policy integration, community engagement, and interdisciplinary research. The paper highlights global best practices and adapts them to the context of rapidly urbanizing cities like Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, offering recommendations for sustainable and resilient urban futures.